Building with precast concrete elements is one of the most innovative forms of construction. This book serves as an introduction to this topic, including examples, and thus supplies all the information necessary for conceptual and detailed design.
Building with precast concrete elements is one of the most innovative forms of construction. This book serves as an introduction to this topic, including examples, and thus supplies all the information necessary for conceptual and detailed design.
Contents
Introduction
References
1 General
1.1 The Advantages of Factory Production
1.2 Historical Development
1.3 European Standardisation
References
2 Design of Precast Concrete Structures
2.1 General
2.2 Tolerances and Calculations for Fit
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Tolerance Standards
2.2.3 Calculations for Fit
2.3 Production
2.4 Transport and Erection
2.4.1 General
2.4.2 Transport
2.4.3 Erection
2.5 Sustainability
2.6 Design Examples
References
3 Stability of Precast Concrete Structures
3.1 General
3.2 Loads on Stability Components
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Wind Load Case
3.2.3 Out-of-Plumb Load Case
3.2.4 Seismic Load Case
3.2.5 Restraint Load Case (Shrinkage and Temperature)
3.3 LoadbearingMembers for Stability
3.3.1 Typical Stability Elements
3.3.1.1 General
3.3.1.2 Segmented ShearWalls
3.3.1.3 ShearWalls with Large Openings
3.3.1.4 Frames and Girders
3.3.1.5 Three-Dimensional Systems
3.3.1.6 Plates Made from Precast Concrete Elements
3.3.2 Arrangement of Stability Elements
3.4 Distribution of Horizontal Loads
3.4.1 General Procedure
3.4.2 Equations for Rough Preliminary Design
3.5 Analysis of Stability Components
3.6 Construction Details
3.6.1 Floor Diaphragms
3.6.2 ShearWalls
References
4 Precast Concrete Elements
4.1 General
4.2 Floor and Roof Elements
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Solid Slabs
4.2.3 Hollow-Core Slabs
4.2.3.1 General
4.2.3.2 Prestressed Hollow-Core Slabs
4.2.3.3 Conventionally Reinforced Hollow-Core Slabs
4.2.4 Precast Floor PlatesWith In Situ Concrete Topping
4.2.4.1 General
4.2.4.2 Prestressed Precast Floor PlatesWith In Situ Concrete Topping
4.2.5 Ribbed Elements
4.2.6 Other Floor Systems
4.3 Beams 1
4.3.1 Purlins, Frame Beams, Downstand Beams
4.3.2 Roof Beams
4.4 Columns
4.5 Walls
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Precast ConcreteWall Elements
4.6 Foundations
4.6.1 General
4.6.2 Monolithic Foundations
4.6.3 Pocket and Pad Foundations
4.6.3.1 Design of Pocket Foundations
4.6.3.2 Design of Pad Foundations
4.6.3.3 Punching Shear
4.6.4 Other Types of Foundation
References 1
5 Connections for Precast Concrete Construction
5.1 General
5.2 Purlin Supports
5.3 Roof Beam Supports
5.4 Floor Slab Supports
5.4.1 Ribbed Elements
5.4.2 Prestressed Hollow-Core Slabs
5.5 Downstand Beam Supports
5.6 Wall Element Supports 1
5.7 Balcony Slabs
5.8 Stair Supports
5.9 Column/Foundation
References
6 Individual Design Issues
6.1 General
6.2 Partially Loaded Areas
6.3 Supports
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Elastomeric Bearings
6.3.2.1 Plain Elastomeric Bearings
6.3.2.2 Laminated Elastomeric Bearings
6.3.2.3 Sliding Bearings 1
6.3.3 Technical Codes of Practice for Elastomeric Bearings
6.3.4 Design Methods for Elastomeric Bearings
6.3.5 Horizontal Forces
6.3.6 Sizing the Bearing
6.3.7 Design of and Details for Supports
6.4 Column Butt Joints
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Column Butt Joints with Bed of Grout (Hard Support)
6.4.2.1 Bed of Grout Plus Reinforcement on End Faces
6.4.2.2 Bed of Grout Plus Steel Plates
6.4.3 Column Butt Joints with Deformable Joint Materials
6.4.4 Rigid Joints
6.4.5 Column Joints with High-Strength Steel Reinforcement
6.5 Wall/Floor Connections
6.6 Shear Dowels
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Large Edge Distances a|| ≥8∅B or a? ≥8∅B
6.6.2.1 Steel Failure
6.6.2.2 Concrete Failure
6.6.3 Small Edge Distances a|| <8∅B or a? <8∅B
6.6.3.1 Steel Failure
6.6.3.2 Concrete Failure
6.6.4 Further Advice Concerning Shear Dowels
6.7 Welded Connections
6.8 Bolted Connections and Screw Couplers
6.9 Other Forms of Connection
6.10 Transport Anchors
6.10.1 General
6.10.2 Actions
6.10.2.1.Lifting with Mould Adhesion
6.10.2.2 Raising Elements
6.10.2.3 Transporting Elements with Inclined Pull
6.10.3 Determining the Permissible Ultimate Resistance
6.10.4 Further Advice for Design
6.10.5 Consequences of the ‘Machinery Directive’
6.10.6 Incompatibility of Transport Anchor Systems
6.11 Shear at the Interface Between Concrete Cast at Different Times
6.11.1 General
6.11.2 Design
6.11.3 Surface Categories
6.11.4 Construction Details
6.11.5 Fatigue
6.12 Floor Diaphragms and ShearWalls
6.12.1 General
6.12.2 Floor Diaphragms
6.12.3 ShearWalls
6.12.4 Miscellaneous
6.13 Shear Forces in Floor Elements
6.14 Half Joints
6.14.1 General
6.14.2 Design
6.15 Corbels
6.15.1 General
6.15.2 Design
6.15.2.1 Analysis According to Steinle
6.15.2.2 Analysis According to DAfStb publ. 600
6.15.2.3 Analysis According to Reineck
6.15.2.4 Analysis According to Fingerloos
6.15.2.5 Summary
6.15.2.6 Comparison of the Analyses
6.15.3 Construction Details
6.15.4 Beam Nibs
6.15.5 Retrofitted Corbels
6.16 Analysis of Lateral Buckling
6.16.1 General
6.16.2 Simplified Lateral Buckling Analysis
6.16.3 Numerical Analysis
6.16.3.1 Method According to Stiglat
6.16.3.2 Method According to König/Pauli
6.16.3.3 Method According to Mehlhorn/Röder and Rafla
6.16.4 Analysis of Supports
6.17 Design for Fire
6.17.1 General
6.17.2 Principles of Design for Fire
6.17.2.1 General
6.17.2.2 Design According to the Eurocode
6.17.2.3 Design According to DIN 4102-4
6.17.2.4 F or R Classification?
6.17.3 Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Beams
6.17.4 Reinforced Concrete Columns
6.17.4.1 Numerical Analysis
6.17.4.2 Tabulated Data
6.17.5 Reinforced Non-Braced Columns
6.17.6 FireWalls
6.17.7 Plaster and Render Finishes
6.17.8 Junctions, Joints, and Connections
6.17.8.1 Joints Between Precast Concrete Slabs
6.17.8.2 Joints BetweenWalls (Excluding FireWalls)
6.17.8.3 Joints Between FireWalls
6.17.8.4 Junctions Between FireWalls and Reinforced Concrete Components
6.18 Pretensioning
6.18.1 General
6.18.2 Concrete Cover
6.18.3 Level of Prestress
6.18.4 Loss of Prestress
6.18.5 Decompression
6.18.6 Stress Limitation
6.18.7 Transferring and Anchoring the Prestress
6.18.8 Tensile Splitting Forces and end Face Tension
References
7 Precast Concrete Façades
7.1 General
7.2 Conceptual Design
7.3 Surface Finishes
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Surface Finishes Produced by the Moulds
7.3.2.1 Smooth Finishes
7.3.2.2 Textured Finishes
7.3.3 Concrete Surface Treatments
7.3.4 Weathering Behaviour
7.3.4.1 General
7.3.4.2 Planning
7.3.4.3 Protection, Care, and Maintenance of Surfaces
7.4 JointWaterproofing
7.5 Concrete Sandwich Panels
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Dimensions and LeafThicknesses
7.5.3 Connectors
7.5.4 Actions
7.5.4.1 Transport and Erection Conditions
7.5.4.2 Temperature
7.5.4.3 Shrinkage
7.5.5 Design
7.5.5.1 Facing Leaf
7.5.5.2 Loadbearing Leaf
7.5.5.3 Connectors
7.5.6 Deformations
7.5.7 Cracking
7.5.8 Construction Details
7.5.8.1 Corner Details
7.5.8.2 InsulatingMaterials
7.5.8.3 Plastic Films
7.6 Suspended Façade Panels
7.6.1 Large-Format, Suspended Façade Panels
7.6.1.1 General
7.6.1.2 Façades with Ventilation Cavity
7.6.1.3 Anchors and Anchorages
7.6.1.4 Actions
7.6.2 Small-Format, Suspended Façade Panels
7.6.2.1 General
7.6.2.2 Anchors and Anchorages
7.6.2.3 Actions and Design
7.7 Further Developments for Concrete Façades
7.7.1 Textile-Reinforced Concrete
7.7.2 Photoconcrete
7.7.3 Translucent Concrete
7.7.4 Concrete with Glass Aggregate
7.7.5 Glass–Concrete Composite
7.8 Building Physics
7.8.1 Energy Considerations and Thermal Performance
7.8.1.1 General
7.8.1.2 Thermal Bridges
7.8.1.3 Thermal Performance in Summer
7.8.2 Moisture Control
7.9 Examples
7.9.1 Züblin House
7.9.2 Community Centre in Mannheim
7.9.3 Ohligsmühle Office Building
7.9.4 Tour Total
7.9.5 ROC Mondriaan in The Hague
References
Contents
8 Production
8.1 Production Methods
8.1.1 General
8.1.2 Production Using Fixed Moulds
8.1.2.1 Linear Elements
8.1.2.2 Moulds for Ribbed Elements
8.1.2.3 Moulds for Prestressed Concrete Roof Beams
8.1.2.4 Fixed and Tilting Tables
8.1.2.5 Battery Moulds
8.1.2.6 Casting Beds
8.1.3 Pallet Circulation Systems 3158.2 Concretes for Precast Concrete Elements
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Fresh Concretes
8.2.3 Hardened Concretes
8.2.4 Ultra-High Performance Concretes
8.2.5 Self-compacting Concretes
8.2.6 Fibre-Reinforced Concretes
8.3 Heat Treatment and Curing
8.4 Reinforcement
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Materials
8.4.3 Reinforcement Drawings
8.4.4 Bending and Assembling Reinforcement
8.5 Pretensioning in Prestressing Beds
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Materials
8.5.3 Construction Documents
8.5.4 Production
8.6 Quality Assurance
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 Factory Production Control
8.6.3 External Monitoring
8.6.4 Certification and Labelling
References
Index