ASCE 7 is the US standard for identifying minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE 7 covers many load types, of which wind is one. The purpose of this book is to provide structural and architectural engineers with the practical state-of-the-art knowledge and tools needed for designing and retrofitting buildings for wind loads. The book will also cover wind-induced loss estimation
ASCE 7 is the US standard for identifying minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE 7 covers many load types, of which wind is one. The purpose of this book is to provide structural and architectural engineers with the practical state-of-the-art knowledge and tools needed for designing and retrofitting buildings for wind loads. The book will also cover wind-induced loss estimation. This new edition include a guide to the thoroughly revised, 2010 version of the ASCE 7 Standard provisions for wind loads; incorporate major advances achieved in recent years in the design of tall buildings for wind; present material on retrofitting and loss estimation; and improve the presentation of the material to increase its usefulness to structural engineers.
Key features:
•New focus on tall buildings helps make the analysis and design guidance easier and less complex.
•Covers the new simplified design methods of ASCE 7-10, guiding designers to clearly understand the spirit and letter of the provisions and use the design methods with confidence and ease.
•Includes new coverage of retrofitting for wind load resistance and loss estimation from hurricane winds.
•Thoroughly revised and updated to conform with current practice and research.
Table of Contents
PREFACE
PART I INTRODUCTION
1 OVERVIEW
PART II GUIDE TO THE ASCE 7-10 STANDARD PROVISIONS ON WIND LOADS
2 ASCE 7-10 WIND LOADING PROVISIONS
2.1 Introduction
2.2 ASCE 7-10 Standard: An Overview
2.3 Organization of the Guide: Chapters 3 to 9
3 REGULAR AND SIMPLIFIED APPROACH: RISK CATEGORY, BASIC WIND SPEED, ENCLOSURE, EXPOSURE, TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR
3.1 Risk Category (ASCE Table 1.5-1)
3.2 Basic Wind Speed V (ASCE Sect. 26.5, ASCE Figs. 26.5.-1a, b, c)
3.3 Enclosure Classification (ASCE Sects. 26.2 and 26.10)
3.4 Exposure Category (ASCE Sect. 26.7)
3.5 Topographic Factor Kzt (ASCE Sect. 26.8, ASCE Fig. 26.8-1)
4 REGULAR APPROACH: STEPS COMMON TO ALL BUILDINGS/OTHER STRUCTURES (MWFRS AND C&C)
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Regular Approach: Steps Common to All Buildings and Other Structures (MWFRS and C&C)
5 REGULAR APPROACH: BUILDINGS, PARAPETS, OVERHANGS (‘‘DIRECTIONAL’’ PROCEDURE), MWFRS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Regular Approach: Enclosed or Partially Enclosed Buildings of All Heights, MWFRS
5.3 Regular Approach: Roof Overhangs and Parapets, MWFRS
5.4 Regular Approach: Open Buildings with Monoslope, Pitched, or Troughed Free Roofs, MWFRS
6 REGULAR APPROACH: LOW-RISE BUILDINGS, PARAPETS, OVERHANGS (‘‘ENVELOPE’’ PROCEDURE), MWFRS
6.1 Net Pressures on Walls and Roof
6.2 Comparison Between Results Based on ASCE Sects. 27.4.1 and 28.4.1
6.3 Regular Approach: Parapets and Roof Overhangs, MWFRS
7 REGULAR APPROACH: STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BUILDINGS, MWFRS
7.1 Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs
7.2 Open Signs, Lattice Frameworks, Trussed Towers
7.3 Chimneys, Tanks, Rooftop Equipment, and Similar Structures
7.4 Solid Attached Signs
7.5 Rooftop Structures and Equipment on Buildings
8 SIMPLIFIED APPROACH: ENCLOSED SIMPLE DIAPHRAGM BUILDINGS, PARAPETS, OVERHANGS (MWFRS)
8.1 Simplified Approach: Class 1 Buildings, Walls and Roof, MWFRS
8.2 Simplified Approach: Parapets, MWFRS
8.3 Simplified Approach: Roof Overhangs, MWFRS
8.4 Simplified Approach: Class 2 Buildings, Walls and Roof, MWFRS
8.5 Simplified Approach: Simple Diaphragm Low-Rise Buildings, MWFRS
9 REGULAR AND SIMPLIFIED APPROACHES: C&C
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Regular Approach
9.3 Simplified Approaches
PART III WIND ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS
10 ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATIONS
10.1 Atmospheric Hydrodynamics
11 THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER
11.1 Wind Speeds and Averaging Times /
11.2 Wind Speed Profiles
11.3 Atmospheric Turbulence
12 EXTREME WIND SPEEDS AND WIND-INDUCED EFFECTS
12.1 Wind Speed Data
12.2 Cumulative Distributions, Exceedance Probabilities, Mean Recurrence Intervals
12.3 Parametric Estimates of N-Year Wind Speeds; Closed Form Estimators; Software
12.4 Probabilistic Estimates of Wind Effects Based on Nondirectional and Directional Wind Speed Data
12.5 Development of Directional Databases of Hurricane Wind Speeds
12.6 Development of Directional Databases of Non-Hurricane Wind Speeds
12.7 Non-Parametric Statistics, Application to One-Dimensional Time Series
12.8 Error Estimates
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Bluff Body Aerodynamics
13.3 Aerodynamic Testing
13.4 Low-Frequency Turbulence and Aerodynamic Pressures on Residential Homes
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Single-Degree-of Freedom Linear System
14.3 Continuously Distributed Linear Systems
14.4 Time Domain Solutions for Three-Dimensional Dynamic Response
15 AEROELASTICITY
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Vortex-Induced Oscillations
15.3 Galloping
15.4 Flutter
16 STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY UNDER WIND LOADING
16.1 Introduction
16.2 First-Order Second-Moment Approach, Load and Resistance Factors
16.3 Dependence of Wind Effects on Wind Directionality
16.4 Structural Strength Reserve
16.5 Design Criteria for Multi-Hazard Regions
16.6 Individual Uncertainties and Overall Uncertainty in the Estimation of Wind Effects
16.7 Calibration of Design MRIs in the Presence of Dynamic Effects or of Large Knowledge Uncertainties
17 LOSS ESTIMATION
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Elements of Damage Estimation Procedures
17.3 Loss Estimation
PART IV WIND EFFECTS ON BUILDINGS
18 RIGID BUILDINGS
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Database-Assisted Design (DAD)
18.3 Wind Directionality Effects
18.4 Uncertainties in the Estimation of Wind Effects
19 TALL BUILDINGS
19.1 Introduction
19.2 High-Frequency Force Balance Approach (HFFB)
19.3 Aeroelastic Effects. Testing Based on Strain Measurements
19.4 Database-Assisted Design
19.5 Serviceability Requirements
19.6 Preliminary Estimates of Flexible Building Response
PART V APPENDICES
APPENDIX A1 RANDOM PROCESSES
A1.1 Fourier Series and Fourier Integrals
A1.2 Parseval’s Equalit
A1.3 Spectral Density Function of a Random Stationary Signal
A1.4 Autocorrelation Function of a Random Stationary Signal
A1.5 Cross-Covariance Function, Co-Spectrum, Quadrature Spectrum, Coherence
A1.6 Mean Upcrossing and Outcrossing Rate for a Gaussian Process
A1.7 Probability Distribution of the Peak Value of a Normally Distributed Random Signal
A1.8 Probability Distribution of the Peak Value of a Non-Gaussian Random Signal
APPENDIX A2 MEAN WIND PROFILES AND ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER DEPTH
A2.1 Equations of Balance of Momenta within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
A2.2 The Turbulent Ekman Layer /
APPENDIX A3 SPECTRA OF TURBULENT VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS, KOLMOGOROV HYPOTHESES
APPENDIX A4 WIND DIRECTIONALITY EFFECTS, OUTCROSSING AND SECTOR-BY-SECTOR APPROACHES
A4.1 Approach Based on the Outcrossing of the Limit-State Boundary
A4.2 The Sector-By-Sector Approach [18-10]
APPENDIX A5 REPORT ON ESTIMATION OF WIND EFFECTS ON THE WORLD TRADE CENTER TOWERS
REFERENCES
INDEX