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Introduction to the seventh edition In 2010 the then current European national standards for building and construction were replaced by the EN Eurocodes, a set of pan-European model building codes developed by the European Committee for Standardization. The Eurocodes are a series of 10 European Standards (EN 1990 – EN 1999) that provide a common approach for the design of buildings, other civil engineering works and construction products.
Introduction to the seventh edition In 2010 the then current European national standards for building and construction were replaced by the EN Eurocodes, a set of pan-European model building codes developed by the European Committee for Standardization. The Eurocodes are a series of 10 European Standards (EN 1990 – EN 1999) that provide a common approach for the design of buildings, other civil engineering works and construction products. The design standards embodied in these Eurocodes will be used for all European public works and are set to become the de-facto standard for the private sector in Europe, with probable adoption in many other countries.
This classic manual on structural steelwork design was first published in 1955, since when it has sold many tens of thousands of copies worldwide. For the seventh edition of the Steel Designers' Manual all chapters have been comprehensively reviewed, revised to ensure they reflect current approaches and best practice, and brought in to compliance with EN 1993: Design of Steel Structures (the so-called Eurocode 3).
Contributors
INTRODUCTION
1 Introduction – designing to the Eurocodes 1
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Creation of the Eurocodes
1.3 Structure of the Eurocodes
1.4 Non-contradictory complementary information – NCCI
1.5 Implementation in the UK
1.6 Benefits of designing to the Eurocodes
1.7 Industry support for the introduction of the Eurocodes
1.8 Conclusions
2 Integrated design for successful steel construction
2.1 Client requirements for whole building performance, value and impact
2.2 Design for sustainability
2.3 Design for overall economy
2.4 Conclusions
References to Chapter 2
3 Loading to the Eurocodes
3.1 Imposed loads
3.2 Imposed loads on roofs
3.3 Snow loads
3.4 Accidental actions
3.5 Combinations of actions
References to Chapter 3
Worked example
DESIGN SYNTHESIS
4 Single-storey buildings
4.1 The roles for steel in single-storey buildings
4.2 Design for long term performance
4.3 Anatomy of structure
4.4 Loading
4.5 Common types of primary frame
4.6 Preliminary design of portal frames
4.7 Bracing
4.8 Design of portal frames to BS EN 1993-1-1
References to Chapter 4
Worked example
5 Multi-storey buildings
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Costs and construction programme
5.3 Understanding the design brief
5.4 Structural arrangements to resist sway
5.5 Stabilising systems
5.6 Columns
5.7 Floor systems
References to Chapter 5
6 Industrial steelwork
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Anatomy of structure
6.3 Loading
6.4 Thermal effects
6.5 Crane girder/lifting beam design
6.6 Structure in its wider context
References to Chapter 6
Further reading for Chapter 6
7 Special steel structures
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Space frame structures: 3-dimensional grids based on regular solids
7.3 Lightweight tension steel cable structures
7.4 Lightweight compression steel structures
7.5 Steel for stadiums
7.6 Information and process in the current digital age – the development of technology
References to Chapter 7
Further reading for Chapter 7
8 Light steel structures and modular construction
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Building applications
8.3 Benefits of light steel construction
8.4 Light steel building elements
8.5 Modular construction
8.6 Hybrid construction
8.7 Structural design issues
8.8 Non-structural design issues
References to Chapter 8
9 Secondary steelwork
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Issues for consideration
9.3 Applications
References to Chapter 9
APPLIED METALLURGY
10 Applied metallurgy of steel
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Chemical composition
10.3 Heat treatment
10.4 Manufacture and effect on properties
10.5 Engineering properties and mechanical tests
10.6 Fabrication effects and service performance
10.7 Summary
References to Chapter 10
Further reading for Chapter 10
11 Failure processes
11.1 Fracture
11.2 Linear elastic fracture mechanics
11.3 Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics
11.4 Materials testing for fracture properties
11.5 Fracture-safe design
11.6 Fatigue
11.7 Final comments
References to Chapter 11
Further reading for Chapter 11
ANALYSIS
12 Analysis
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The basics
12.3 Analysis and design
12.4 Analysis by hand
12.5 Analysis by software
12.6 Analysis of multi-storey buildings
12.7 Portal frame buildings
12.8 Special structural members
12.9 Very important issues
References to Chapter 12
13 Structural vibration
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Causes of vibration
13.3 Perception of vibration
13.4 Types of response
13.5 Determining the modal properties
13.6 Calculating vibration response
13.7 Acceptability criteria
13.8 Practical considerations
13.9 Synchronised crowd activities
References to Chapter 13
ELEMENT DESIGN
14 Local buckling and cross-section classification
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Cross-sectional dimensions and moment-rotation behaviour
14.3 Effect of moment-rotation behaviour on approach to design and analysis
14.4 Classification table
14.5 Economic factors
References to Chapter 14
15 Tension members
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Types of tension member
15.3 Design for axial tension
15.4 Combined bending and tension
15.5 Eccentricity of end connections
15.6 Other considerations 472
15.7 Cables
Further reading for Chapter 15
16 Columns and struts
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Common types of member
16.3 Design considerations
16.4 Cross-sectional considerations
16.5 Column buckling resistance
16.6 Torsional and flexural-torsional buckling
16.7 Effective (buckling) lengths Lcr
16.8 Special types of strut
16.9 Economic points
References to Chapter 16
Further reading for Chapter 16
Worked example
17 Beams
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Common types of beam
17.3 Cross-section classification and moment resistance Mc,Rd
17.4 Basic design
17.5 Laterally unrestrained beams
17.6 Beams with web openings
References to Chapter 17
Worked example
18 Plate girders
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Advantages and disadvantages
18.3 Initial choice of cross-section for plate girders
18.4 Design of plate girders to BS EN 1993-1-5
References to Chapter 18
Worked example
19 Members with compression and moments
19.1 Occurrence of combined loading
19.2 Types of response – interaction
19.3 Effect of moment gradient loading
19.4 Selection of type of cross-section
19.5 Basic design procedure to Eurocode 3
19.6 Special design methods for members in portal frames
References to Chapter 19
Further reading for Chapter 19
Worked example
20 Trusses
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Types of truss
20.3 Guidance on overall concept
20.4 Selection of elements and connections
20.5 Analysis of trusses
20.6 Detailed design considerations for elements
20.7 Bracing
20.8 Rigid-jointed Vierendeel girders
References to Chapter 20
Worked example
21 Composite slabs
21.1 Definition
21.2 General description
21.3 Design for the construction condition
21.4 Design of composite slabs
21.5 Design for shear and concentrated loads
21.6 Tests on composite slabs
21.7 Serviceability limits and crack control
21.8 Shrinkage and creep
21.9 Fire resistance
References for Chapter 21
Worked example
22 Composite beams
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Material properties
22.3 Composite beams
22.4 Plastic analysis of composite section
22.5 Shear resistance
22.6 Shear connection
22.7 Full and partial shear connection
22.8 Transverse reinforcement
22.9 Primary beams and edge beams
22.10 Continuous composite beams
22.11 Serviceability limit states
22.12 Design tables for composite beams
References to Chapter 22
Worked example
23 Composite columns
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Design of composite columns
23.3 Simplified design method
23.4 Illustrative examples of design of composite columns
23.5 Longitudinal and transverse shear forces
References to Chapter 23
Worked example
24 Design of light gauge steel elements
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Section properties
24.3 Local buckling
24.4 Distortional buckling
24.5 Design of compression members
24.6 Design of members in bending
References to Chapter 24
Worked example
25 Bolting assemblies
25.2 Methods of tightening and their application
25.3 Geometric considerations
25.4 Methods of analysis of bolt groups
25.5 Design strengths
25.6 Tables of resistance
References to Chapter 25
Further reading for Chapter 25
26 Welds and design for welding
26.1 Advantages of welding
26.2 Ensuring weld quality and properties by the use of standards
26.3 Recommendations for cost reduction
26.4 Welding processes
26.5 Geometric considerations
26.6 Methods of analysis of weld groups
26.7 Design strengths
26.8 Concluding remarks
References to Chapter 26
27 Joint design and simple connections
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Simple connections
References to Chapter 27
Worked example
28 Design of moment connections
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Design philosophy
28.3 Tension zone
28.4 Compression zone
28.5 Shear zone
28.6 Stiffeners
28.7 Design moment of resistance of end-plate joints
28.8 Rotational stiffness and rotation capacity
28.9 Summary
References to Chapter 28
FOUNDATIONS
29 Foundations and holding-down systems
29.1 Types of foundation
29.2 Design of foundations
29.3 Fixed and pinned column bases
29.4 Pinned column bases – axially loaded I-section columns
29.5 Design of fixed column bases
29.6 Holding-down systems
References to Chapter 29
Further reading for Chapter 29
Worked example
30 Steel piles and steel basements
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Types of steel piles
30.3 Geotechnical uncertainty
30.4 Choosing a steel basement
30.5 Detailed basement design: Introduction
30.6 Detailed basement designs: Selection of soil parameters
30.7 Detailed basement design: Geotechnical analysis
30.8 Detailed basement design: Structural design
30.9 Other design details
30.10 Constructing a steel basement: Pile installation techniques
30.11 Specification and site control
30.12 Movement and monitoring
References to Chapter 30
Further reading for Chapter 30
CONSTRUCTION
31 Design for movement in structures
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Effects of temperature variation
31.3 Spacing of expansion joints 962
31.4 Design for movement in typical single-storey industrial steel buildings
31.5 Design for movement in typical multi-storey buildings
31.6 Treatment of movement joints
31.7 Use of special bearings
References to Chapter 31
32 Tolerances
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Standards
32.3 Implications of tolerances
32.4 Fabrication tolerances
32.5 Erection tolerances
References to Chapter 32
Further reading for Chapter 32
33 Fabrication
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Economy of fabrication
33.3 Welding
33.4 Bolting
33.5 Cutting
33.6 Handling and routeing of steel
33.7 Quality management
References to Chapter 33
Further reading for Chapter 33
34 Erection
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Method statements, regulations and documentation
34.3 Planning
34.4 Site practices
34.5 Site fabrication and modifications
34.6 Steel decking and shear connectors
34.7 Cranes and craneage
34.8 Safety
34.9 Accidents
References to Chapter 34
Further reading for Chapter 34
35 Fire protection and fire engineering
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Building regulations
35.3 Fire engineering design codes
35.4 Structural performance in fire
35.5 Fire protection materials
35.6 Advanced fire engineering
35.7 Selection of an appropriate approach to fire protection and fire engineering for specific buildings
References to Chapter 35
Worked example
36 Corrosion and corrosion prevention
36.3 Other forms of corrosion
36.4 Corrosion rates
36.5 Effect of the environment
36.6 Design and corrosion
36.7 Surface preparation
36.8 Metallic coatings
36.9 Paint coatings
36.10 Application of paints
36.11 Weather-resistant steels
36.12 The protective treatment specification
Relevant standards
Appendix
Steel technology
Elastic properties
European standards for structural steels
Design theory
Bending moment, shear and deflection
Second moments of area
Geometric properties of plane sections
Plastic moduli
Formulae for rigid frames
Design of elements and connections
Explanatory notes on section dimensions and properties
Tables of dimensions and gross section properties
Bolt and Weld Data for S275
Bolt and Weld Data for S355
Eurocodes
Extracts from Concise Eurocodes
Floors
Floor plates
Construction
Fire resistance
Section factors for fire design
Corrosion resistance
Standards
British and European Standards for steelwork
Index
