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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is the interdisciplinary engineering field devoted to the monitoring and assessment of structural health and integrity. SHM technology integrates non-destructive evaluation techniques using remote sensing and smart materials to create smart self-monitoring structures characterized by increased reliability and long life. Its applications are primarily systems with critical demands concerning performance where classical onsite assessment is both difficult and expensive.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is the interdisciplinary engineering field devoted to the monitoring and assessment of structural health and integrity. SHM technology integrates non-destructive evaluation techniques using remote sensing and smart materials to create smart self-monitoring structures characterized by increased reliability and long life. Its applications are primarily systems with critical demands concerning performance where classical onsite assessment is both difficult and expensive.
Advanced Structural Damage Detection: From Theory to Engineering Applications is written by academic experts in the field and provides students, engineers and other technical specialists with a comprehensive review of recent developments in various monitoring techniques and their applications to SHM. Contributing to an area which is the subject of intensive research and development, this book offers both theoretical principles and feasibility studies for a number of SHM techniques.
Key features:
Takes a multidisciplinary approach and provides a comprehensive review of main SHM techniques
Presents real case studies and practical application of techniques for damage detection in different types of structures
Presents a number of new/novel data processing algorithms
Demonstrates real operating prototypes
Advanced Structural Damage Detection: From Theory to Engineering Applications is a comprehensive reference for researchers and engineers and is a useful source of information for graduate students in mechanical and civil engineering
CONTENTS
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Structural Damage and Structural Damage Detection
1.3 SHM as an Evolutionary Step of NDT
1.4 Interdisciplinary Nature of SHM
1.5 Structure of SHM Systems
1.5.1 Local SHM Methods
1.5.2 Global SHM Methods
1.6 Aspects Related to SHM Systems Design
1.6.1 Design Principles
References
2 Numerical Simulation of ElasticWave Propagation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Modelling Methods
2.2.1 Finite Difference Method
2.2.2 Finite Element Method
2.2.3 Spectral Element Method
2.2.4 Boundary Element Method
2.2.5 Finite Volume Method
2.2.6 Other Numerical Methods
2.2.7 Time Discretization
2.3 Hybrid and Multiscale Modelling
2.4 The LISA Method
2.4.1 GPU Implementation
2.4.2 Developed GPU-Based LISA Software Package
2.4.3 cuLISA3D Solver’s Performance
2.5 Coupling Scheme
2.6 Damage Modelling
2.7 Absorbing Boundary Conditions for Wave Propagation 48
2.8 Conclusions
References
3 Model Assisted Probability of Detection in Structural Health Monitoring
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Probability of Detection
3.3 Theoretical Aspects of POD
3.3.1 Hit/Miss Analysis
3.3.2 Signal Response Analysis
3.3.3 Confidence Bounds
3.3.4 Probability of False Alarm
3.4 From POD to MAPOD
3.5 POD for SHM
3.6 MAPOD of an SHM System Considering Flaw Geometry Uncertainty
3.6.1 SHM System
3.6.2 Simulation Framework
3.6.3 Reliability Assessment
3.7 Conclusions
References
4 Nonlinear Acoustics
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theoretical Background
4.2.1 Contact Acoustics Nonlinearity
4.2.2 Nonlinear Resonance
4.2.3 Frequency Mixing
4.3 Damage Detection Methods and Applications
4.3.1 Nonlinear Acoustics for Damage Detection
4.4 Conclusions
References
5 Piezocomposite Transducers for Guided Waves
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Piezoelectric Transducers for Guided Waves
5.2.1 Piezoelectric Patches
5.2.2 Piezocomposite Based Transducers
5.2.3 Interdigital Transducers
5.3 Novel Type of IDT-DS Based on MFC
5.4 Generation of Lamb Waves using Piezocomposite Transducers
5.4.1 Numerical Simulations
5.4.2 Experimental Verification
5.4.3 Numerical and Experimental Results
5.4.4 Discussion
5.5 Lamb Wave Sensing Characteristics of the IDT-DS4
5.5.1 Numerical Simulations
5.5.2 Experimental Verification
5.6 Conclusions
Appendix
References
6 Electromechanical Impedance Method
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Theoretical Background
6.2.1 Definition of the Electromechanical Impedance
6.2.2 Measurement Techniques
6.2.3 Damage Detection Algorithms
6.3 Numerical Simulations
6.3.1 Modelling Electromechanical Impedance with the use of FEM
6.3.2 Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses
6.3.3 Discussion
6.4 The Developed SHM System
6.5 Laboratory Tests
6.5.1 Experiments Performed for Plate Structures
6.5.2 Condition Monitoring of a Pipeline Section
6.5.3 Discussion
6.6 Verification of the Method on Aircraft Structures
6.6.1 Monitoring of a Bolted Joint in the Main Undercarriage Bay
6.6.2 Monitoring of a Riveted Fuselage Panel
6.6.3 Discussion
6.7 Conclusions
References
7 Beamforming of Guided Waves
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Theory
7.2.1 Imaging Using Synthetic Aperture
7.2.2 Effective Aperture Concept
7.2.3 Imaging Schemes
7.2.4 Self-Focusing Arrays
7.3 Numerical Results
7.3.1 Examples of Effective Aperture
7.3.2 Imaging Using Star-like Array
7.3.3 Numerical Verification of the DORT-CWT Method
7.4 Experimental Results
7.4.1 Experimental Setup
7.4.2 Experimental Evaluation of Sensing Array
7.4.3 Experimental Evaluation of Effective Aperture
7.4.4 Damage Imaging Using Synthetic Aperture
7.4.5 Experimental Validation of the DORT-CWT Method
7.4.6 Damage Imaging Using Self-Focused Transmitting Array
7.5 Discussion
7.6 Conclusions
References
8 Modal Filtering Techniques
8.1 Introduction
8.2 State of the Art
8.3 Formulation of the Method
8.4 Numerical Verification of the Method
8.4.1 Models Used for Simulation
8.4.2 Testing Procedure
8.4.3 Results of Analyses
8.4.4 Model Based Probability of Detection
8.5 Monitoring System Based on Modal Filtration
8.5.1 Main Assumptions
8.5.2 Measuring Diagnostic Unit
8.5.3 Modal Analysis and Modal Filtration Software
8.6 Laboratory Tests
8.6.1 Programme of Tests
8.6.2 Results of Experiments
8.6.3 Probability of Detection Analysis
8.7 Operational Tests
8.8 Summary
References
9 Vibrothermography
9.1 Introduction
9.2 State of the Art in Thermographic Nondestructive Testing
9.3 Developed Vibrothermographic Test System
9.4 Virtual Testing
9.5 Laboratory Testing
9.6 Field Measurements
9.7 Summary and Conclusions
References
10 Vision-Based Monitoring System
10.1 Introduction
10.2 State of the Art
10.3 Deflection Measurement by Means of Digital Image Correlation
10.4 Image Registration and Plane Rectification
10.5 Automatic Feature Detection and Matching
10.5.1 Deflection-Shaped Based Damage Detection and Localization
10.6 Developed Software Tool
10.7 Numerical Investigation of the Method
10.7.1 Numerical Modelling of the Developed Vision Measurement
10.7.2 Uncertainty Investigation of the Method
10.7.3 Model Based Probability of Damage Detection
10.8 Laboratory Investigation of the Method
10.8.1 Tests of the Method on the Laboratory Setup
10.8.2 The Probability of Detection of the Method in the Laboratory Investigation
10.8.3 Investigation of the Developed Method’s Accuracy
10.9 Key Studies and Evaluation of the Method
10.9.1 Tram Viaduct Deflection Monitoring
10.10 Conclusions
References
Index
