Contenido Basics of Retaining Wall Design

Design guide for earth retaining structures. Updated and expanded new 10th edtition covers nearly every type of earth retaining structure: cantilevered, counterfort, restrained (basement walls), gravity, segmental, sheet pile, sodier pile, and others. Current building code requirements are covered including IBC '12, MSJC '11, ACI 318-11, ASCE 7-10, CBC '13, and AASHTO.

This book is intended to cover and explain design practices and building code requirements for the design of earth retaining structures. It is for both the practicing engineer who has become a bit rusty on this compkex subject,and for the engineering student who has already acquired a basic knowledge of statics, soil mechanics,and the design of simple masonry and concrete structures. Design review agencies will also find it a useful reference
The design of retaining walls is not an every-day design task.During my many years of providing technical support for retaining walls and need some brushing-up,
particularly on code requirements. It is also for the civil/structural engineering student to supplement other texts with current design practices and building code
requirements
Although there is a considerable amount of technical information available,it is widely scattered in numerous texbooks and technical papers on soil mechanics , foundation engieering,concrete design,mansory design,and in all sorts of related topics.Despite the many references,a single volume on retaining wall design for the
professional practitioner and civil engineering student could not be found.
Hence this attempt to condense,simplify and compile information from many sources,including my own experience,into this book. Hopefully,it will ease your
comfort level when designing retaining walls and give you a good overview of the process.For those who want to dig deeper into particular topics a comprehensive
bibliography is attached in Appendix H.
This book treats design practices for most types of earth retaining structures:conventional cantilevered retaining walls: restrainde ( basament ) walls,gravity walls,
and segmental retaining walls both gravity and with geogrids. Other topics include sheet pile walls, tilt-up retaining walls,soldier pile walls ,gabion walls,counterfort
walls,pilaster walls and walls with pile or pier foundations. A review of basic soil mechanics is also included in this book and the appendix offers useful information
including a glossary of terminlogy

Table of contents

Why this book?
The user
Why it was written
Scope of this book

Preface

- About retaining walls

  - Evolution of retaining structures
  - A Definition
  - Types of Earth retaining structures
  - What the terms mean
  - Retaining wall terminology

- Design procedure overview
 
  - Design criteria checklist
  - Establish the design criteria
  - Basic design principals for cantilevered walls
  - Step-by.step design of a cantilevered retaining wall
  - Design of a restrained retaining wall

- Soil mechanics simplified

 - A soil primer
 - When is a foundation investigation required?
 - The foundation investigation report
 - The soil wedge theory
 - Explanation of terms
   - Angle of internal friction
 - Soil bearing values
 - Hugh´s pickle jar test
 - The precision illusion

- Building codes and retaining walls
 
  - What building code(s) apply to my project?
  - Building codes
  - References codes
 
- Forces and loads on retaining walls
 
  - Determining loads and forces
  - Lateral earth pressures
  - The coulomb formula
  - The rankine formula
  - Surchange loads
  - Wind loads 
  - Water table conditions
  - Detention ponds/Flood walls
  - Cascading walls
  - Vertical Loading

- Earhquake ( Seismic ) design

  - Earthquakes- An overview
  - When is seismic design required for retaining walls?
  - Seismic design background
  - Mononobe-okabe equation
  - Seismic for stem self-weight
 
 - Designing the cantilever wall stem

   - Basic of stem design
   - Dowels from footing into the stem
   - Horizontal Temperature and shrinkage reinforcing
   - Key at stem-footing interface
   - Mansory stem design
   - Concrete stem design

 - Soil bearing and stability - cantilevered walls

   - Tabulate overturning and resisting moments
   - Proportioning pointers
   - Overturning moments
   - Resisting moments
   - Soil bearing capacity
   - Overturning stability
   - Sliding resistance
   - Footing keys
   - Deflection ( Tilt ) of walls
   - Global stability

 - Footing design

   - Basics of footing design
   - Embedment of stem reinforcing into footing
   - Toe design
   - Heel design
   - Minimun cover for footing reinforcing
   - Horizontal temperature and shrinkage reinforcing

- Pier and pile foundations
 
   - Piles,piers,and caissons
   - When to use pile of piers?
   - Design criteria
   - Pile design example

-  Counterfort retaining walls
  
    - Descripction
    - Proportioning
    - Design overview
    - Designing the wall
    - Designing the heel
    - Designing the toe
    - Designing the counterfort
    - Stability

- Cantilevered tilt-up walls

   -  Description
   -  Construction sequence
   -  Design procedure
   -  Free-standing walls
   -  Erecting the panels

- Wood retaining walls
 
- Gravity walls
 
   - Overview
   - Design procedure

- Gabion and multi-wythe large walls

  - Description
  - Design
  - Foundation pressures
  - Seismic design
  - Gabion walls using mechanically stabilized earth

- Segmental retaining walls ( SRWs )

  - Overview
  - Gravity wall design
     - Check lateral soil pressures
     - The coulomb equation
     - Check inter-block shear
     - Check sliding
     - Check overturning
     - Check soil bearing pressure
     - Soil bearing capacity
     - Seismic design
     - Gravity walls
   - Geogrid wall design
     - Construction sequence
     - About geogrids
     - Gather design criteria
     - Select geogrida
     - Determine lateral soil pressures
     - Select geogrid
     - Determine geogrid embedment
     - Check overturning
     - Check sliding at base
     - Check soil bearing pressure
     - Soil bearing capacity
     - Seismic design
     - Building codes & Standards
    - Getting help

- Swimming pool wall design

- Pilaster masonry walls

  - Description
  - Filler wall design
  - Pilaster design
  - Footing design
 
- Restrained ( Non-Ylielding ) Walls
 
  - Description
  - Dual function walls
  - At rest active soil prea
  - Seismic force on non-Yielding ( Restrained ) walls
 
- Sheet Pile walls

  - Description
  - Design procedure
  - References
 
- Soldier Beam walls

  - Description
  - Design procedures
 
- Why retaining walls fail and cost-Effective fixes

- Construction topics and caveats

  - Horizontal control joints
  - Drainage
  - Backfill
  - Compaction
  - Inspections
  - The geotechnical invetigation
  - Forensic investigations

- Retaining walls design examples

- Appendix

  A- Summary of design equations with code references
  B- Unified soil classification systems ( USCS)
  C- Masonry design data
  D- Development and lap lengths
  E- Sample construction notes
  F- Conversion factors
  G- Reinforcing bar and US/
  H- Reference bibliography
  I - Notations & Symbols
  J - Glossary