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Bridge Deck Analysis

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Descripción

Recent research in bridge design and maintenance has focused on the serviceability problems of older bridges with aging joints. The favored solution of integral construction and design has produced bridges with fewer joints and bearings that require less maintenance and deliver increased durability. Bridge Deck Analysis, Second Edition outlines this growing development, and covers the structural analysis of most common bridge forms. It introduces reliability analysis, an emergent method that allows bridge engineers to determine risk when maintaining older or damaged bridges.


Características

  • ISBN: 9780367869397
  • Páginas: 351
  • Tamaño: 17x24
  • Edición:
  • Idioma: Inglés
  • Año: 2014

Disponibilidad: 15 a 30 Días

Contenido Bridge Deck Analysis

Captures Current Developments in Bridge Design and Maintenance

Recent research in bridge design and maintenance has focused on the serviceability problems of older bridges with aging joints. The favored solution of integral construction and design has produced bridges with fewer joints and bearings that require less maintenance and deliver increased durability. Bridge Deck Analysis, Second Edition outlines this growing development, and covers the structural analysis of most common bridge forms. It introduces reliability analysis, an emergent method that allows bridge engineers to determine risk when maintaining older or damaged bridges.

Explains the Background Theory along with Practical Tools

This book includes practical examples of everyday problems in bridge engineering, and presents real-life examples of the application of reliability analysis. The authors show how reliability analysis can determine structural safety even for bridges which have failed a deterministic assessment. They also update other chapters to reflect the most current advancements towards more sophisticated analysis, and the more widespread use of finite element software.

What’s New in this Edition:

    Incorporates new research on soil-structure interaction
    A new section with examples of how to analyze for the effects of creep
    Greatly expands the sections on 3-D brick finite elements
    Now consistent with both Eurocodes and AASHTO standards

An appropriate resource for senior undergraduates taking an advanced course on bridge engineering, Bridge Deck Analysis is also suitable for practicing engineers, and other professionals involved in the development of bridge design.

Table Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Disclaimer
Authors

1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Factors affecting structural form

1.3 Cross sections

- 1.3.1 Solid rectangular
- 1.3.2 Voided rectangular
- 1.3.3 T-section
- 1.3.4 Box sections
- 1.3.5 Older concepts

1.4 Bridge elevations

- 1.4.1 Simply supported beam/slab
- 1.4.2 Series of simply supported beams/slabs
- 1.4.3 Continuous beam/slab with full propping during construction
- 1.4.4 Partially continuous beam/slab
- 1.4.5 Continuous beam/slab: Span-by-span construction
- 1.4.6 Continuous beam/slab: Balanced cantilever construction
- 1.4.7 Continuous beam/slab: Push-launch construction
- 1.4.8 Arch bridges
- 1.4.9 Frame or box culvert (integral bridge)
- 1.4.10 Beams/slabs with drop-in span
- 1.4.11 Cable-stayed bridges
- 1.4.12 Suspension bridges

1.5 Articulation

1.6 Bearings

- 1.6.1 Sliding bearings
- 1.6.2 Pot bearings
- 1.6.3 Elastomeric bearings

1.7 Joints

- 1.7.1 Buried joint
- 1.7.2 Asphaltic plug joint
- 1.7.3 Nosing joint
- 1.7.4 Reinforced elastomeric joint
- 1.7.5 Elastomeric in metal runners joint
- 1.7.6 Cantilever comb or tooth joint

1.8 Bridge aesthetics

- 1.8.1 Single-span beam/slab/frame bridges of constant depth
- 1.8.2 Multiple spans

2 Bridge loading

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Dead loading

2.3 Imposed traffic loading


- 2.3.1 Pedestrian traffic
- 2.3.2 Nature of road traffic loading
- 2.3.3 Code models for road traffic
- 2.3.4 Imposed loading due to rail traffic

2.4 Shrinkage and creep

- 2.4.1 Shrinkage
- 2.4.2 Creep

2.5 Thermal loading

- 2.5.1 Uniform changes in temperature
- 2.5.2 Differential changes in temperature

2.6 Impact loading

2.7 Dynamic effects

2.8 Prestress loading


- 2.8.1 Equivalent loads and linear transformation
- 2.8.2 Prestress losses
- 2.8.3 Non-prismatic bridges

3 Introduction to bridge analysis

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Positioning the traffic load model on the bridge
3.3 Differential settlement of supports


3.4 Thermal expansion and contraction

- 3.4.1 Equivalent loads method

3.5 Differential temperature effects

- 3.5.1 Temperature effects in three dimensions

3.6 Prestress

3.7 Analysis for the effects of creep

4 Integral bridges

4.1 Introduction

- 4.1.1 Integral construction
- 4.1.2 Lateral earth pressures on abutments
- 4.1.3 Stiffness of soil

4.2 Contraction of bridge deck

- 4.2.1 Contraction of bridge fully fixed at the supports
- 4.2.2 Contraction of bridge on flexible supports

4.3 Conventional spring model for deck expansion

4.4 Modelling expansion with an equivalent spring at deck level


- 4.4.1 Development of general expression
- 4.4.2 Expansion of frames with deep abutments
- 4.4.3 Expansion of bank-seat abutments

4.5 Run-on slab

4.6 Time-dependent effects in composite integral bridges

5 Slab bridge decks: Behaviour and modelling

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Thin-plate theory

- 5.2.1 Orthotropic and isotropic plates
- 5.2.2 Bending of materially orthotropic thin plates
- 5.2.3 Stress in materially orthotropic thin plates
- 5.2.4 Moments in materially orthotropic thin plates
- 5.2.5 Shear in thin plates

5.3 Grillage analysis of slab decks

- 5.3.1 Similitude between grillage and bridge slab
- 5.3.2 Grillage member properties: Isotropic slabs
- 5.3.3 Grillage member properties: Geometrically orthotropic slabs
- 5.3.4 Computer implementation of grillages
- 5.3.5 Sources of inaccuracy in grillage models
- 5.3.6 Shear force near point supports
- 5.3.7 Recommendations for grillage modelling

5.4 Planar finite element analysis of slab decks

- 5.4.1 FE theory: Beam elements
- 5.4.2 FE theory: Plate elements
- 5.4.3 Similitude between plate FE model and bridge slab
- 5.4.4 Properties of plate finite elements
- 5.4.5 Shear forces in plate FE models
- 5.4.6 Recommendations for FE analysis

5.5 Wood and Armer equations

- 5.5.1 Resistance to twisting moment
- 5.5.2 New bridge design

6 Application of planar grillage and finite element methods

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Simple isotropic slabs
6.3 Edge cantilevers and edge stiffening
6.4 Voided slab bridge decks


6.5 Beam-and-slab bridges

- 6.5.1 Grillage modelling
- 6.5.2 Finite element modelling
- 6.5.3 Transverse local behaviour of beam-and-slab bridges

6.6 Cellular bridges

- 6.6.1 Grillage modelling

6.7 Skew and curved bridge decks

6.7.1 Grillage modelling
6.7.2 FE modelling

7 Three-dimensional modelling of bridge decks

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Shear lag and effective flange width
7.2.1 Effective flange width

7.3 Three-dimensional analysis using brick elements

- 7.3.1 Interpretation of results of brick models

7.4 Upstand grillage modelling

7.5 Upstand finite element modelling

- 7.5.1 Upstand finite element modelling of voided slab bridge decks

- 7.5.2 Upstand FE modelling of other bridge types
- 7.5.3 Prestress loads in upstand FE models

8 Probabilistic assessment of bridge safety

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Code treatment of probability of failure


- 8.2.1 Eurocode 1990
- 8.2.2 ISO/CD 13822:2010
- 8.2.3 Nordic Committee on Building Regulations
- 8.2.4 International Federation for Structural Concrete Bulletin 65
- 8.2.5 AASHTO

8.3 Calculation of the probability of failure, Pf

- 8.3.1 Basic statistical concepts

8.4 Resistance modelling

- 8.4.1 Reinforced concrete
- 8.4.2 Prestressed concrete
- 8.4.3 Structural steel
- 8.4.4 Soils
- 8.4.5 Material model uncertainty

8.5 Deterioration modelling

8.6 Load modelling


8.6.1 Permanent and quasi-permanent loads
8.6.2 Variable imposed loads

8.7 Probabilistic assessment of LS violation

9 Case studies

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Reinforced concrete beam-and-slab deck


- 9.2.1 Bridge model
- 9.2.2 Probabilistic classification and modelling
- 9.2.3 Results of probabilistic assessment

9.3 Post-tensioned concrete slab deck

- 9.3.1 Bridge model
- 9.3.2 Probabilistic classification and modelling
- 9.3.3 Results of probabilistic assessment

9.4 Steel truss bridge

- 9.4.1 Bridge model
- 9.4.2 Probabilistic classification and modelling
- 9.4.3 Results of probabilistic assessment

9.5 Conclusion

References


Appendix A: Stiffness of structural members and associated bending moment diagrams
Appendix B: Location of centroid of a section
Appendix C: Derivation of shear area for grillage member representing cell with flange and web distortion


Index
 

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